Potential effects of COVID-19 on reproductive systems and fertility; assisted reproductive technology guidelines and considerations: a review

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) employs the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor in renin-angiotensin system for viral entry. The ACE2 is present both female and male reproductive systems, reports of multi-organ involvement have led to uncertainty regarding its effects on fertility. We review existing literature function systems postulate possible implications SARS-CoV-2 Because presence ovaries, infection may disrupt ovarian hence oocyte quality. Higher expression endometrium with age during secretory phase raises concern about increased susceptibility periods high expression. possibility vertical transmission placenta pregnancy are also discussed. RNA semen controversial, but impaired quality has been found men moderate disease 2019 infection. Evidence orchitis hormonal changes seen lead infertility. these assisted technology (ART) outcomes explored. ART guidelines from different fertility societies management patients treated provided. importance prioritising 'time-sensitive' ART, counselling risks pandemic Recommendations provided control safe regulation centres laboratories.